In cybersecurity, a whirlwind of terms and acronyms can leave even the most tech-savvy individuals scratching their heads. Today, we aim to untangle one such term —Operational Technology (OT) security. This misunderstood field is frequently mistaken for its cousin, Information Technology (IT) security, and is shrouded in a cloud of misconceptions.
This blog will clear the fog surrounding OT security, highlight its distinctions from IT security, and debunk common myths.
Unraveling the mystery of OT security: common misconceptions and challenges
In cybersecurity, a whirlwind of terms and acronyms can leave even the most tech-savvy individuals scratching their heads. Today, we aim to untangle one such term —Operational Technology (OT) security. This misunderstood field is frequently mistaken for its cousin, Information Technology (IT) security, and is shrouded in a cloud of misconceptions.
This blog will clear the fog surrounding OT security, highlight its distinctions from IT security, and debunk common myths.
What is Operational Technology (OT)?
OT security refers to the strategies and measures to protect the systems that monitor or control an organisation’s physical devices, processes, and events, unlike IT security, which focuses on safeguarding data and digital assets.
Despite sharing some similarities, OT and IT security are not the same. The primary difference lies in their objectives and the assets they protect. IT security aims to safeguard information and ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. OT security, on the other hand, prioritises guaranteeing the safe and reliable operation of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure.
The misunderstanding between OT and IT security arises from the convergence of IT and OT systems in modern industrial environments. While this convergence has improved efficiency and data availability, it has blurred the lines between IT and OT security, leading to misconceptions that they are identical. In reality, they require different approaches due to the unique characteristics and requirements of the systems they protect.
Misconceptions about OT security
OT systems are not at risk of cyberattacks
Due to their focus on physical processes, many believe that OT systems are not vulnerable to the same cyber threats plaguing IT systems. This is not the case. Cyberattackers target OT systems not to steal data but to disrupt physical processes, causing everything from minor annoyances to significant damage or financial loss. It is vital to recognise that both OT and IT systems face cyber threats and require thorough security measures.
IT security measures are sufficient for OT security
While IT security is well-known and understood, it’s wrong to think its methods can be applied to OT systems. OT and IT have different goals and needs. Applying IT security to OT might not offer the protection required and could disrupt operations. Therefore, it’s crucial to understand OT security’s unique needs and challenges to create effective protection strategies.
OT security is solely a technology issue
OT security isn’t just about implementing high-tech solutions like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other OT-specific security measures. Technology is vital, but it is only one part of the equation. OT security is a three-pronged approach involving technology, processes, and people. The processes encompass setting up strict protocols governing how OT systems are accessed and used. It includes regular maintenance and emergency plans. People are the backbone of any security strategy. And its weak spot. So, it’s crucial to train everyone on OT security best practices.
The unique challenges of OT security
Protection of physical systems, not just data
Physical systems are often crucial to the functioning of critical infrastructure, such as power plants, transportation systems, and manufacturing facilities. Any disruption can create safety hazards. Moreover, physical systems may be more challenging to update and patch, making them potentially more vulnerable to attacks.
High cost of downtime
OT systems typically control critical physical operations. Downtime for these systems can have severe consequences, such as safety risks, halting production in a manufacturing plant, or even shutdown of a power plant. Therefore, ensuring continuous operation of OT systems is crucial, making the cost of downtime significantly high.
A lack of understanding and communication between IT and OT teams
IT and OT teams need to work together to address cyber threats effectively. IT teams typically have more experience with cybersecurity, while OT teams understand the unique demands and requirements of the physical systems they oversee. Without clear communication and understanding, these teams may be unable to coordinate their efforts effectively, leaving the organisation vulnerable to security threats.
The rising significance of OT security
- Increasing interconnectivity: As our world becomes more interconnected with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, and intelligent manufacturing, the number of devices and systems that cyber threats can potentially target has increased dramatically.
- The convergence of IT and OT: Traditionally, IT and OT systems have been separate, each with security protocols and measures. However, the IT/OT convergence trend in modern industrial environments has blurred the lines between these two domains. A security breach in the IT system can harm the OT system and vice versa. It’s important to secure both to prevent damage.
- The growing sophistication of cyber threats: Cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated and targeted. Attackers are no longer just interested in stealing data; they also seek to disrupt operations, often for political or financial gain.
- Regulatory compliance: Many industries are subject to regulations, like NIS2 or CRA, requiring them to implement specific OT security measures to protect critical infrastructure. Failure to comply can result in hefty fines and reputational damage.
- Increased awareness: There is a growing awareness of the importance of OT security in the boardroom. As high-profile cyberattacks continue to make headlines, senior executives and board members realise they must protect their OT assets from cyber threats.
OT security is a complex field different from IT security but equally crucial in our digital and interconnected world. The convergence of IT and OT, increased connectivity, and sophisticated cyber threats have accentuated the importance of OT security. As organisations depend more on operational technology, understanding and improving OT security measures becomes essential. This allows you to manage risk, protect your physical systems, and secure the operation of your vital infrastructures.
What is Operational Technology (OT)?
OT security refers to the strategies and measures to protect the systems that monitor or control an organisation’s physical devices, processes, and events, unlike IT security, which focuses on safeguarding data and digital assets.
Despite sharing some similarities, OT and IT security are not the same. The primary difference lies in their objectives and the assets they protect. IT security aims to safeguard information and ensure its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. OT security, on the other hand, prioritises guaranteeing the safe and reliable operation of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure.
The misunderstanding between OT and IT security arises from the convergence of IT and OT systems in modern industrial environments. While this convergence has improved efficiency and data availability, it has blurred the lines between IT and OT security, leading to misconceptions that they are identical. In reality, they require different approaches due to the unique characteristics and requirements of the systems they protect.
Misconceptions about OT security
OT systems are not at risk of cyberattacks
Due to their focus on physical processes, many believe that OT systems are not vulnerable to the same cyber threats plaguing IT systems. This is not the case. Cyberattackers target OT systems not to steal data but to disrupt physical processes, causing everything from minor annoyances to significant damage or financial loss. It is vital to recognise that both OT and IT systems face cyber threats and require thorough security measures.
IT security measures are sufficient for OT security
While IT security is well-known and understood, it’s wrong to think its methods can be applied to OT systems. OT and IT have different goals and needs. Applying IT security to OT might not offer the protection required and could disrupt operations. Therefore, it’s crucial to understand OT security’s unique needs and challenges to create effective protection strategies.
OT security is solely a technology issue
OT security isn’t just about implementing high-tech solutions like firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other OT-specific security measures. Technology is vital, but it is only one part of the equation. OT security is a three-pronged approach involving technology, processes, and people. The processes encompass setting up strict protocols governing how OT systems are accessed and used. It includes regular maintenance and emergency plans. People are the backbone of any security strategy. And its weak spot. So, it’s crucial to train everyone on OT security best practices.
The unique challenges of OT security
Protection of physical systems, not just data
Physical systems are often crucial to the functioning of critical infrastructure, such as power plants, transportation systems, and manufacturing facilities. Any disruption can create safety hazards. Moreover, physical systems may be more challenging to update and patch, making them potentially more vulnerable to attacks.
High cost of downtime
OT systems typically control critical physical operations. Downtime for these systems can have severe consequences, such as safety risks, halting production in a manufacturing plant, or even shutdown of a power plant. Therefore, ensuring continuous operation of OT systems is crucial, making the cost of downtime significantly high.
A lack of understanding and communication between IT and OT teams
IT and OT teams need to work together to address cyber threats effectively. IT teams typically have more experience with cybersecurity, while OT teams understand the unique demands and requirements of the physical systems they oversee. Without clear communication and understanding, these teams may be unable to coordinate their efforts effectively, leaving the organisation vulnerable to security threats.
The rising significance of OT security
- Increasing interconnectivity: As our world becomes more interconnected with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), Industry 4.0, and intelligent manufacturing, the number of devices and systems that cyber threats can potentially target has increased dramatically.
- The convergence of IT and OT: Traditionally, IT and OT systems have been separate, each with security protocols and measures. However, the IT/OT convergence trend in modern industrial environments has blurred the lines between these two domains. A security breach in the IT system can harm the OT system and vice versa. It’s important to secure both to prevent damage.
- The growing sophistication of cyber threats: Cyber threats are becoming more sophisticated and targeted. Attackers are no longer just interested in stealing data; they also seek to disrupt operations, often for political or financial gain.
- Regulatory compliance: Many industries are subject to regulations, like NIS2 or CRA, requiring them to implement specific OT security measures to protect critical infrastructure. Failure to comply can result in hefty fines and reputational damage.
- Increased awareness: There is a growing awareness of the importance of OT security in the boardroom. As high-profile cyberattacks continue to make headlines, senior executives and board members realise they must protect their OT assets from cyber threats.
OT security is a complex field different from IT security but equally crucial in our digital and interconnected world. The convergence of IT and OT, increased connectivity, and sophisticated cyber threats have accentuated the importance of OT security. As organisations depend more on operational technology, understanding and improving OT security measures becomes essential. This allows you to manage risk, protect your physical systems, and secure the operation of your vital infrastructures.
